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Conversations with an Executioner
''Conversations with an Executioner'' ((ポーランド語:Rozmowy z katem)) is a book by Kazimierz Moczarski, a Polish writer and journalist, officer of the Polish Home Army active in the anti-Nazi resistance during World War II. On August 11, 1945, he was captured and locked up in a maximum-security jail by the notorious UB secret police under Stalinism. For a time, he shared the same cell with the Nazi war criminal Jürgen Stroop, who was soon to be executed. They engaged in a series of conversations. The book is a retelling of those interviews.〔Andrzej Szczypiorski (1977), ( Moczarski Kazimierz, ''Rozmowy z katem'' ) text with ''Notes'' and ''Biography'' by Andrzej Krzysztof Kunert (PDF 1.86 MB, available from Scribd.com). Retrieved 〕
Moczarski spent four years on death row (1952–56), incarcerated as an alleged enemy of the state. He was tried three times while in prison as an anticommunist, and pardoned eleven years later, during the anti-Stalinist Polish October.〔Stéphane Courtois, Mark Kramer, ( ''Livre noir du Communisme: crimes, terreur, répression''. ) The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression, ''Harvard University Press'', 1999, 858 pages. ISBN 0-674-07608-7. Pages 377–378.〕 His manuscript about Stroop, written in secrecy since 1956,〔 was published in monthly installments by the magazine ''Odra'' in 1972–74, followed by a shortened book version released in 1977. The full text without communist censorship was published in 1992 after the collapse of the Soviet empire, by the Polish Scientific Publishers PWN. Moczarski did not witness the publication of his book. He died on September 27, 1975 in Warsaw, weakened by the years of savage physical torture endured during his police interrogations.〔
==Background==
''SS-Gruppenführer'' Jürgen Stroop was taken prisoner by the Allies in Germany under a false identity. He was put on trial by the U.S. Military Tribunal at Dachau on unrelated charges. In late May 1947 Stroop was handed over for retrial to the People's Republic of Poland for the suppression of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising and the methodical destruction of the Ghetto. His crimes resulted in the death of over 50,000 people. He was kept in a Stalinist jail for four years before the Criminal District Court in Warsaw put him on trial on July 18, 1951 for the war crimes committed in Poland. Stroop was executed on 6 March 1952, arrogant and unrepentant until the very end.〔Moczarski (1981), page 266.〕
Moczarski spent nine months (or 225 days) with Stroop, locked in his cell from March 2, 1949 till November 11, 1949.〔 The Stalinists absurdly accused Moczarski of being a Nazi, which in turn allowed Stroop to relax in his presence, his every word a form of confession with nothing held back. Moczarski himself was sentenced to death on November 18, 1952.〔 The following October, his sentence was commuted to life imprisonment, but he was not informed about it. In December 1956, at the end of Stalinist terror in Poland, he was retried for the last time, pronounced innocent, and rehabilitated. The courts declared that the charges against him were utterly falsified by the Ministry under Romkowski who ordered his brutal treatment.〔 Some 15 years after his torturous ordeal had ended, Moczarski began writing his book in 1971 using notes collected since 1956, and published parts of it soon thereafter. Some of his Polish followers asked how he could remember it so well. It was due to his heightened state of alertness that only death row could bring, he said. In the ''Annex'' to his book Moczarski explained that also Stroop, seemingly unable to remember any Polish word learned a day earlier, was happy to recite every single line from his reports to Hitler.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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